This chapter 1) assesses how well Pacific economies are performing and identifies two analytical biases in recent assessments relative to other economies of comparative size and characteristics, 2) seeks to better understand Pacific economies, using GIS modelling to help visualise and identify factors contributing to national and regional differences in Pacific economies, and identifying data bias problems in donor and National System Accounts data (missing or under-estimated food production, contributions of citizens overseas), and 3) discusses the implications for future research and donor approaches to supporting Pacific nation economies and the Millennium Development Goals especially of reducing poverty.